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Putin critic Alexey Navalny's death may not have been planned to happen when it did, WSJ reported. The Journal reported that this opinion is shared by several US intelligence agencies. AdvertisementAlexey Navalny's February death in a remote Arctic prison camp likely wasn't directly ordered by Vladimir Putin, despite Navalny's outspoken criticism of the Russian president, The Wall Street Journal reported Friday. Despite the suspicious circumstances of the opposition leader's death, the outlet reported Putin may not have intended Navalny to be killed when he was. None of the intelligence agencies cited by the Journal or the Pentagon have responded to requests for comment from Business Insider.
Persons: Alexey Navalny's, Navalny's, , Vladimir Putin, Putin, — wasn't, Putin wasn't, Leonid Volkov, Navalny Organizations: Kremlin, Service, Street, CIA, National Intelligence, State, Journal, Pentagon, Business Locations: Russian, Poland
Having watched some (though not quite all) of “3 Body Problem,” Netflix’s hit adaptation of “The Three-Body Problem,” the first book in a science-fiction saga by the Chinese author Liu Cixin, I’m struck by the unusual geopolitical weight this particular piece of pop entertainment carries. Even a three-interpretation problem, you might say (sorry! ), with different gazes and different translations yielding very different readings and reactions. Consider, first, the book as seen through Western eyes. The default American reaction to any work of literature produced under authoritarian conditions is to assume that it must be an act of rebellion or at least critique.
Persons: ” Netflix’s, Liu Cixin, I’m, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s “, Boris Pasternak’s, Zhivago, , Liu
CNN —A federal judge on Wednesday blasted a convicted January 6 rioter for downplaying the US Capitol attack and using the kind of revisionist rhetoric that former President Donald Trump often uses on the campaign trial. “This cannot become normal… We cannot condone the normalization of the January 6 US Capitol riot,” US District Judge Royce Lamberth said while sentencing Taylor James Johnatakis to more than seven years in prison. He did not reference Trump by name while sentencing Johnatakis, but the comparisons were clear. According to evidence presented at trial, Johnatakis attended Trump’s rally on January 6 and then threatened to “break down doors” while marching toward the Capitol. He has been defiant about his actions, saying in a recent interview that “we did nothing” on January 6, and writing about the “injustice” that he and other Capitol riot defendants are facing behind bars.
Persons: Donald Trump, Royce Lamberth, Taylor James Johnatakis, Johnatakis, ” Trump, , , Martin Luther King Jr, Henry David Thoreau, ” Lamberth, Ronald Reagan, ” Johnatakis Organizations: CNN, Capitol, Trump, Sovereign, Prosecutors Locations: Washington ,
He appears to be flexing his unrivaled power with performative cruelty and firmly twisting the knife after Navalny's death. AdvertisementNavalnaya had unsuccessfully been trying to retrieve her son's body since Saturday. She was previously sent to the wrong morgue after multiple demands for the authorities to hand over her son's body, according to Yarmysh. Navalny's death — and the way the authorities have handled his body — are displays of his authoritarian power. No one should be fooled," Biden told reporters shortly after Navalny's death was announced.
Persons: , Alexey Navalny, Navalny, Vladimir Putin's, Joe Biden, Putin, Lyudmila Navalnaya, Alexey, Kira Yarmysh, Navalnaya, Yarmysh, Ivan Zhdanov, Alec Luhn, Simon Miles, Miles, Biden, Sergei Lavrov Organizations: Service, Business, YouTube, Guardian, Luhn, Soviet Union, Duke University's Sanford School of Public, Sky News, Kremlin Locations: Salekhard, Soviet, Moscow, St, Petersburg
"That's an extraordinary power, and Putin did it effectively, making sure it wound up in the news." AdvertisementThe display of power by the Russian state, while jarring, is not out of the norm for Putin's regime, which has been accused of assassinations abroad for decades. Both Navalny's and the pilot's deaths fit Putin's playbook to a T, exemplifying the lengths to which the Russian regime will go to maintain the illusion of total power, Schmidt said. AdvertisementFor years, Navalny represented the most formidable threat to Putin's regime, criticizing corruption in the Russian state and organizing powerful anti-Kremlin protests. AdvertisementNavalny's death shows Putin is easily threatenedThe two experts said Navalny's death, rather than simply displaying Putin's power, actually highlighted his weakness.
Persons: , Vladimir Putin, Alexey Navalny, Putin's, Putin, Matthew Schmidt, Schmidt, Navalny, Simon Miles, Miles, Robert English Organizations: Service, Business, The University of New Haven, US Army's School, Advanced Military Studies, Russia's Federal Prison Service, Kremlin, Duke University's Sanford School of Public, Soviet Union, University of Southern Locations: Ukraine, Russian, Spain, Russia, Avdiivka, Russia's, Soviet, Moscow, University of Southern California, Soviet Union, Eastern Europe
We’re looking back at the strongest, smartest opinion takes of the week from CNN and other outlets. “In his courageous and too short life,” wrote Russia scholar Daniel Treisman, “Navalny became a symbol of hope for the younger generations of his compatriots. “He never gave up on the prospect of what he called ‘the beautiful Russia of the future,’” Treisman noted. “For a ‘beautiful Russia of the future’ to emerge in coming years, Putin must lose the war he started. Navalny understood this.”“Navalny’s death represents the extinguishing of all hope for Russia’s turnaround,” wrote Sasha Vasilyuk.
Persons: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Stalin “, , , you’ve, Alexey Navalny, Vladimir Putin’s, Navalny, fearlessly, Putin, Daniel Treisman, “ Navalny, Navalny’s, ’ ” Treisman, Sasha Vasilyuk, Alexey Navalny’s, Peter Bergen, Andrei Sakharov, ” Putin, Bergen, Nick Anderson, Joe Biden, Donald Trump, Trump, authoritarians, Bill Bramhall, James Mattis, ” Peter Bergen, Frida Ghitis, Fidel Castro’s playbook, Patrick Mahomes, Andy “, Amy Bass, New York Democrat Tom Suozzi, George Santos, ” Suozzi, CNN Suozzi didn’t, Biden, isn’t, Long, Max Burns, ” “, Alejandro Mayorkas, ” “ Suozzi, Burns, Robert Hur’s, Norm Eisen, Richard Painter, Joshua Kolb, Hur, ” Joel Pett, Lawrence C, Levy, Julian Zelizer, Dean Obeidallah, Mark Dent, Dent, Saw, Clay Jones, David Orentlicher, ” Orentlicher, Will Cooper, Fani, Willis, Nathan, Wade, ” “ Willis, Antony Blinken, Batniji, Blinken, Fatah, Hussein, Don’t, David Horsey, Agency Jill Filipovic, Lynda Gorov, Taylor Swift, Jim Parrott, Mark Zandi, Brigid Schulte, Yuliya, Kara Alaimo, Frankie de la, Jackie Robinson’s, Jon Stewart’s, Jon Stewart, Matt Wilson, Jon Stewart skewered Trump, Bill Carter, Stewart, ” “ Stewart Organizations: CNN, IK, Moscow Times, Kremlin, Twitter, Facebook, Soviet, Tribune, Agency, Republican, Senate, Agency Former US Defense, Trump, , Kansas City Chiefs, Chiefs, nab, New, New York Democrat, Democratic, GOP, Joel Osteen’s Lakewood Church, Super Bowl, Kansas, West Bank Locations: Soviet, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, New York, Washington, Georgia, ,, York, Glen Cove, Joel Osteen’s, Houston, Kansas City, America, , Kansas, Gaza, San Francisco, Israel, Iran
Navalny's Death Leaves Despair and Apathy in Moscow
  + stars: | 2024-02-17 | by ( Feb. | At A.M. | ) www.usnews.com   time to read: +5 min
"Navalny's death is terrible: hopes have been smashed," Nikitin said. The West, including U.S. President Joe Biden, blamed President Vladimir Putin for the death. "Navalny's death is very beneficial to Putin's opponents," said Sergei Markov, a former Kremlin adviser. WEST 'NOT OUR FRIEND'At "Patriki", or Patriarch's Ponds, the centre of Moscow nightlife, many young Russians revelled away Friday night just hours after news of Navalny's death. "It is sad of course when anybody dies," Olga Kazakova, a Russian, told Reuters in central Moscow on Saturday.
Persons: Guy Faulconbridge MOSCOW, Alexei Navalny, Navalny, carnations, Vladimir Nikitin, Nikitin, Joe Biden, Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Peskov, Putin, Navalny's, Africa's Nelson Mandela, Kira Yarmysh, Yulia, Sergei Markov, revelled, Olga Kazakova, Boris Nemtsov, Guy Faulconbridge, Frances Kerry Organizations: KGB, Reuters, CIA, DEATH, Munich Security Conference, Putin, Kremlin, Ukraine, WEST Locations: Moscow, Russia, Russia's, St Petersburg, Navalny, Avdiivka, West, Ukraine, Kremlin, Basil's
CNN —Last month, a new ‘Stalin Center’ was opened in Barnaul, Siberia. According to the independent Levada Center, Stalin has taken first place in their ‘who is the greatest figure of all times and all people’ survey since 2012. Students of a military-sponsored school attend the opening of a series of busts of Russian leaders, including Josef Stalin (center), in Moscow, on September 22, 2017. What the West gets wrong about Stalin and PutinMoreover, these comparisons divert attention from important differences between the Stalin and Putin regimes. That is abundantly not the case in Putin’s Russia, where the government instead encourages a ritualistic patriotism and political apathy.
Persons: Jade McGlynn, , Read, , Jade McGlynn Jade McGlynn, Stalin, Vladimir Putin’s, Josef Stalin, Alexander Zemlianichenko, Memorial, Gorbachev, Yury, Putin, Vladimir Putin, Alexander Nemenov, demonize ’ Stalin, , weren’t, Mikhail Bulgakov Organizations: Center for Strategic, International Studies, CNN, Communists, Kremlin Russian Communist Party, Levada Center, YouTube, Communist, Reuters, Kremlin, Putin Locations: Putin’s Russia, Barnaul, Siberia, Russian, Penza, Bor, Communist, Russia, Vladimir Putin’s United Russia, Moscow, Perm, Baltic, Laski, Ukraine, today’s Russia, Kyiv, Putin Russia
In recent decades, as many as three million people perished in a famine in North Korea that was mainly government-induced. But North Korea, Syria and China have never been charged with genocide at the International Court of Justice. It’s obscene because it politicizes our understanding of genocide, fatally eroding the moral power of the term. The war between Israel and Hamas is terrible — as is every war. But if this is genocide, what word do we have for the killing fields in Cambodia, Stalin’s Holodomor in Ukraine, the Holocaust itself?
Persons: Assad, Israel Organizations: International Court of Justice Locations: North Korea, China, gulag, Syria, Israel, Cambodia, Ukraine
How the Russian Government Silences Wartime DissentJust days after invading Ukraine, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia signed a censorship law that made it illegal to “discredit” the army. The indignities of the crackdown, and the long arm of the Russia law, is being lost in the numbers. Nanna Heitmann for The New York TimesIn dry legalese, the court documents recount the Russian state’s case against these statements and protests. People’s “negative assessment” of the Russian military could adversely affect its performance, the court said, presenting a national security risk. And I very much don’t want this.”Sergei Platonov at district court in Moscow listening to his guilty verdict in November.
Persons: Vladimir V, Putin, , — schoolteachers, , That’s, Ukraine —, pollsters, Andrei Kolesnikov, Demyan, Aleksandr T, Olga V, ” Maksim L, Omsk Diana I, Denis V, Russia ”, , Maksim P, Anna S, Maria V, people’s “, Russia’s, Zaynulla Gadzhiyev, Mr, Bespokoyev, Marina Tsurmast, scrawled, Nanna Heitmann, Tsurmast, Gadzhiyev, Vladimir Kara, Murza, Aleksandra Y, Skochilenko, Selimat, Vladimir A, Rustam I, ” Yelena L, Aleksandr K, Olga P, Dmitri D, Sergei V, Eve, Daria Ivanova, Ms, Ivanova, “ you’ll, Anton Redikultsev, Redikultsev, Jan, Marina, Sergei P, ” Yuldash, ” Dmitri S, Peskov, Putin’s, Sergei Platonov, Platonov, Russian Gestapo ”, Polina, Kolesnikov, Anna Sliva, Sliva Organizations: New York Times, Times, Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center, OVD, Penza Yuriy V, Russia, , Ukraine ” “, YouTube, Bucha, Ukraine, Police, The New York Times, Armed Forces, Russian Federation, VK, Russian Gestapo, The New York Locations: Russia, Russian, Ukraine, , Omsk, Peace, Ukraine ” “ Ukraine, Bucha, Moscow, St, Petersburg, Iglino, , Novosibirsk, Siberia, Crimea, Ukrainian, Kalga, Russia’s, OVD, Coast, Primorye, Soviet
Russia is leaning more on prison labor amid a dearth of available workers. AdvertisementAdvertisementRussia's worker shortage is so bad, the nation is increasingly leaning on prison labor to prop up its ailing industries and make up for a lack of manpower. That exceeded estimates that Russia made the year prior, when budget makers anticipated bringing in just 15.8 billion roubles from forced prison labor. "The Kremlin has sought to integrate prison labor with certain sectors of the domestic economy to solve this issue." "The recent uptick in the use of forced prison labor in Russia is not merely the transient trend of a post-COVID, economically troubled, or war-hurt Russia.
Persons: , Sergey Sukhankin, Sukhankin, Vladimir Putin Organizations: Service, Moscow Times, Russia's Federal, Jamestown Foundation, Jamestown, Soviet Locations: Russia, Soviet, Ukraine
My kids are playing on the grass with their grandparents, a rare treat since we live in Jerusalem. One of my oldest friends, Liza — Elizabeth Tsurkov — is being held by a militia in Iraq, and I’m terrified. Liza, a Russian-Israeli doctoral student at Princeton University, traveled to Iraq this winter to conduct field work for her research into human rights and sectarianism in the Middle East. Liza used her Russian passport to travel to Iraq, but she knew that entering the country as a dual Russian-Israeli citizen could put her in danger. It was an idea that drove her research and human rights work, which had already taken her into war-ravaged Syria and post-ISIS Iraq.
Persons: Liza — Elizabeth Tsurkov —, “ She’s, Liza, Natan Sharansky Organizations: Princeton University, Hezbollah, ISIS Locations: Los Angeles, Jerusalem, Iraq, Russian, Baghdad, Iran, Syria, ISIS Iraq, Soviet Union
MOSCOW, July 12 (Reuters) - Russia is decaying in a potent brew of absurdity and repression that is comparable to the Leonid Brezhnev-era of the Soviet Union, Oleg Orlov, one of the Russia's most respected human rights campaigners, told Reuters. One of the leaders of the Memorial rights group, which won a share of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022 a year after being banned and dissolved in Russia, Orlov stood by his articles and cast Russia as a country gripped by the demons of history. "Russia is going backwards," Orlov told Reuters in his Moscow flat over a glass of the traditional fermented kvas. "For Putin, war is his political technology," Orlov said. Current Russian levels of repression, he said, could be compared to the Brezhnev era of the Soviet Union after the arrest of writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel in 1965.
Persons: Leonid Brezhnev, Oleg Orlov, Orlov, Wagner, Russia, Vladimir Putin's, Putin, Brezhnev, Andrei Sinyavsky, Yuli Daniel, unpatriotic, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's, William Faulkner, Fyodor Dostoevsky's, Tatiana, Guy Faulconbridge, Filipp Lebedev, Nick Macfie Organizations: Reuters, Memorial, Solidarity, West, Thomson Locations: MOSCOW, Russia, Soviet Union, Moscow, Ukraine, Soviet, Afghanistan, Chechen, Russian, Tbilisi
A new law allows Russian conscripts to be notified of their military service via government portal. Critics say the move creates "a digital system of social control" akin to a virtual Gulag labor camp. The new conscription law, she wrote, "brings the Digital Gulag much, much closer." What is the Digital Gulag? With the digital registry and harsh punishments for noncompliance, "the government wants to create a digital system of social control by regulating individual access to rights and benefits," Stanovaya wrote.
With Russia embroiled in conflict again in Ukraine, in what the Kremlin says is a fresh existential battle for national survival, memories of the Soviet dictator loom large. "Firstly, thank you for the victory (in World War Two)," said 21-year-old Madina in a typically mixed view of Stalin's legacy among people on the streets of Moscow. said Moscow resident Andrei, 31, praising Stalin as a strong unifying personality whose war victory should be lauded. Today, Gori's Stalin museum, located on the town's Stalin Avenue, is the town's most famous tourist attraction, drawing visitors from across the world. In 2010, the Georgian government ordered the town's Stalin statue removed, saying he did not deserve it.
Russia has ordered the creation of 24 penal colonies in annexed parts of Ukraine, per Meduza. Conditions at penal colonies, which trace their roots to Soviet-era gulags, are famously harsh. The published decree outlines plans to create 12 new penal colonies in Donetsk, seven in Luhansk, three in Kherson, and two in Zaporizhzhia, Meduza reported. Ukrainska Pravda, a Ukrainian online newspaper, reported that there were 626 penal colonies in Russia as of November 2022. Ukrainian prisoners have previously been transported to penal colonies on Russian territory, according to research by Russian opposition politician Alexey Navalny and Gulagu.net, per Meduza.
REUTERS/Evgenia NovozheninaSummarySummary Companies This content was produced in Russia, where the law restricts coverage of Russian military operations in Ukraine. But on March 25, just over a month after Russia sent tens of thousands of troops into Ukraine, Ovchinnikov created a new work, one that would place him in serious legal jeopardy. The mural fell afoul of new laws passed by the Russian government effectively criminalising opposition to the military campaign in Ukraine. For Ovchinnikov, opposition to the conflict in Ukraine is underpinned by a family history of Soviet-era repression. "This topic of political repression and the closed nature of this topic, the wiping of historical memory, is one and the same thing as what is happening with Ukraine," Ovchinnikov said.
Russia's prison service has not responded to questions from Reuters about living and working conditions in such institutions. This is where in the morning they have the daily inspection, rollcall and physical exercise, whatever the weather. They always wear uniform. Breakfast is definitely going to be porridge - not with milk, and it’s porridge made from barley, that’s the most “popular”. The Gulag, created in 1933, and the current prison system (in Russia) are identical except for the name.
Summary Griner faces penal colony after losing drugs appealIn Russian system, inmates made to work long hours for scant payThreat of harsh punishment for breaking trivial rulesLanguage barrier makes ordeal even harder for foreignersLONDON, Nov 3, (Reuters) - Tedious manual work, poor hygiene and lack of access to medical care - such are the conditions awaiting U.S. basketball star Brittney Griner in a Russian penal colony after she lost her appeal last week against a nine-year drug sentence. The first thing to understand, Alyokhina said in an interview, is that a penal colony is no ordinary prison. The quite cynical thing about this work is that prisoners usually sew police uniforms and uniforms for the Russian army, almost without salary." A more recent penal colony detainee, Yelena, described a similar regime to that experienced by Alyokhina a decade ago. LANGUAGE BARRIERFor a foreigner with little or no Russian, it's harder to navigate the system and deal with the isolation.
That the WNBA star, who lost her appeal Tuesday, is a gay Black woman could add unknown variables to a penal system that is known to be remote and harrowing. “Conditions in prisons and detention centers varied but were often harsh and life threatening,” a 2021 State Department report on Russian human rights abuses said. “Russian prisons are grim, even relative to prisons in other countries. Prisoners were used for farming, mining or logging in sparsely populated areas of the country or worked in sweatshop conditions. It can often take weeks for prisoners to arrive at the prisons on prison trucks and specially designed train carriages called Stolypins.
Opinion: The British Empire: A legacy of violence?
  + stars: | 2022-09-25 | by ( Peter Bergen | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +19 min
A related question is also surfacing now: What is the legacy of the British Empire writ large? Bergen: This reassessment of British Empire: You are leading the charge. Bergen: So, are the British in high school as they learn about British history being told a bunch of fairy tales? Are there similarities between the 1619 Project and what you and other colleagues are doing in your reassessment of the British Empire? And I think that’s what we’re seeing in different kinds of ways with the history of the British Empire.
A fost pentru prima oară când a fost folosit acest cuvânt – genocid. În timpul domniei sale, a atacat mai multe țări din Asia și a cauzat moartea a peste cinci milioane de oameni. Stalin a fost inițiatorul Marii Epurări, o campanie prin care cei ce se opuneau ideilor sale mureau prin execuție. Era obsedat de putere și politici fasciste, și a dat startul militarizării care a dus la Al Doilea Război Mondial. Cifrele se ridică la 6 milioane de evrei și 1,5 milioane de rromi, sau un total de 17 milioane de oameni.
Persons: Ismail Enver Paşa, Enver Paşa, Hideki Tōjō, Adolf Hitler, Iosif Vissarionivici Stalin, Stalin, Iosif Stalin, . Adolf Hitler A, Reich, Mao Zedong Organizations: Armean, Armata Imperială Japoneză, Ministrul Comerțului, Armatei, ministrul Educației, Uniunii Sovietice, Culturală Locations: Ismail, Imperiului Otoman, Balcanice, Asia, Uniunii, Rusia, Epurări, Gulag, Germaniei, Berlin, chinez
Sursa foto: Jurnal.md80 de ani de la deportările staliniste: „Să nu uităm niciodată trenurile morții, altfel istoria se poate repeta”„Timp de săptămâni întregi oamenii au mers în vagoane pentru animale: femei cu copii mici, femei gravide, bătrâni. Să nu uităm niciodată de acele trenuri ale morții, pentru că, altfel, chiar și în mileniul 21 istoria se poate repeta”, a menționat deputata Maria Ciobanu în cadrul evenimentului de comemorare a victimelor deportărilor staliniste organizat de Platfroma DA sâmbătă, în scuarul Gării. Restul membrilor familiilor au fost duși la cercul polar, Comi, Omsc, Kazahstan și în alte regiuni ale Rusiei. Secretarul general al Platformei DA, Ion Terguță, a menționat că deportările au vizat distrugerea sistemică a populației locale, distrugerea elitelor politice, economice și a clerului din Basarabia pentru „a ne domina și a ne transforma în homo sovieticus”. Ion Terguță a menționat că orașul Chișinău este, de fapt, singurul oraș din lume în care încap deopotrivă monumentele victimelor și ale torționarilor, acest fapt exemplificând tranșant toată drama moldovenilor.
Persons: Ciobanu, Andrei Năstase, Vasile Năstase, Terguță Locations: Gării, Siberia, Kazahstan, iștii, Gulag, Omsc, Rusiei, Basarabia, Chișinău
Ana Racu: Moldova mai are de lucru la condițiile de detenție, la calitatea și eficiența justiției. – Ana Racu: Tradiționale: condițiile de detenție, calitatea și eficiența justiției. – IPN: Credeți că în Republica Moldova există mai mult justiție cu elemente de injustiție sau injustiție cu elemente de justiție? Credeți că poate miza persoana, în caz de detenție inclusiv, pe o justiție echitabilă? – Ana Racu: Și da, și nu, pentru că, iarăși, dacă vorbim despre prevederile legale, din perspectiva asta nu există obstacole de acces la justiție.
Persons: Ana, Ana Racu, Racu, ., de Justiție, Magistraturii Organizations: ONU, Europei, de, CSM Locations: Ana Racu, Moldova, Republica Moldova, Europei, CEDO, gulag
„Libertatea de a vedea lumea” , aceasta este tema dezbaterii de final de an din proiectul „AntiNostalgia – privind spre viitor” de la Radio Europa Liberă. „În perioada sovietică, nu puteai să mergi atât de simplu peste hotare, era o formalitate foarte complicată. Maximum ce puteau lua era o sticlă de băutură și o cutie de bomboane. Alexe era domiciliat în altă regiune a României și adesea, fiind student la Iași, era urcat în tren și trimis acasă. „Analizele spun că Stalin, care a inventat gulagul, a inventat o metodă foarte bună de a recruta forță de muncă pe gratis.
Persons: Vasile Botnaru, Eugenia Crețu, Dan Alexe, Chișinău Virgiliu Mărgineanu, Ioana, Mărgineanu, Ioana ., Virgiliu Mărgineanu, Ludmila Scalnîi, Ludmila, Alexe, Dan Alexe ., Gorbaciov, Jurnalistul, Dan Alexe . Acum, Stalin, Esenin Organizations: Radio Europa Liberă, KGB Locations: Pandemia, Uniunea Sovietică, străinătate, Chișinău, Bruxelles, Riga, Germania, Statele Unite, Belgia, România, URSS, Republicii Moldova, RSS Moldovenească, României, Iași, Coreea de Nord, Bulgaria, Madrid, Cernobîl, Spania, Uniune Sovietică, gulag
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